The Protection by Vitamin E Against Tramadol-Induced Proconvulsant Effects and Brain Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats

We investigated the effect of opioid analgesic tramadol on development epileptic seizures and neuronal injury possible modulatory vitamin E (Vit E) in rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus. Rats received repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections PTZ till epilepticus were pretreated once (30, 60 or 90 mg/kg), E, 70 mg/kg) both (90 Vit (70 prior to starting injections. Seizure scores, latency time dose for each group required reach determined histopathological examination brain tissue was done. Results indicated that produced anticonvulsant proconvulsant effects. The effects observed facial twitching (stage 1), convulsive body waves 2), myoclonic jerks rearing 3) turn over onto one side position 4) significantly inhibited by tramadol. In contrast, tonic-clonic convulsions 5) increased mg/kg as compared control group. mean threshold markedly decreased after administration exerted beneficial decreasing epilepsy scores increasing reaching Meanwhile, treated exhibited significant increase shortened those only E. cerebral cortex hippocampus, resulted apoptotic cells, darkly stained degenerated vacuolated neurons gliosis. These pathological changes but reduced treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that: (i) exerts effects; (ii) evoking epilepticus; (iii) PTZ-induced damage can be E; (iv) at high doses interferes inhibiting reducing damage.